Why Are Counterflow, Crossflow, And Hybrid Flow So Different, Even Though They Are All Closed-circuit Cooling?

Why are counterflow, crossflow, and hybrid flow so different, even though they are all closed-circuit cooling? Their core characteristics are completely different!
The counterflow closed-circuit cooling tower uses reverse airflow and water flow for heat exchange. It has a compact structure, small footprint, and high heat transfer intensity, making it suitable for standard industrial cooling applications.

The crossflow closed-circuit cooling tower has airflow and water flow intersect perpendicularly. It operates smoothly, resists scaling, and is easy to maintain.
 The hybrid flow closed-circuit cooling tower combines dual heat exchange structures, achieving even higher heat transfer efficiency.